{"id":2017,"date":"2025-06-12T19:40:32","date_gmt":"2025-06-12T19:40:32","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/wartours.in.ua\/?p=2017"},"modified":"2025-06-12T19:44:26","modified_gmt":"2025-06-12T19:44:26","slug":"que-les-hace-la-guerra-a-los-ninos-ninos-ucranianos-que-crecen-en-refugios-antiaereos","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/wartours.in.ua\/es\/2025\/06\/12\/what-war-does-to-children-ukrainian-kids-growing-up-in-bomb-shelters\/","title":{"rendered":"Los efectos de la guerra en los ni\u00f1os: Ni\u00f1os ucranianos que crecen en refugios antia\u00e9reos"},"content":{"rendered":"
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Cuando las primeras explosiones resonaron en las ciudades ucranianas en febrero de 2022, millones de ni\u00f1os perdieron no solo sus hogares, sino tambi\u00e9n su sensaci\u00f3n de seguridad. Hoy, m\u00e1s de tres a\u00f1os despu\u00e9s de la invasi\u00f3n a gran escala de Rusia, los ni\u00f1os ucranianos crecen no entre parques infantiles y dibujos animados, sino con sirenas antia\u00e9reas, refugios de hormig\u00f3n y el lejano estallido de la artiller\u00eda.<\/p>

Seg\u00fan UNICEF, m\u00e1s de 1,5 millones de ni\u00f1os ucranianos<\/strong> Han sido desplazados desde el comienzo de la guerra. Miles viven ahora en zonas de primera l\u00ednea, donde las amenazas diarias de misiles imposibilitan la educaci\u00f3n convencional. Pero incluso en las circunstancias m\u00e1s dif\u00edciles, la sociedad ucraniana ha encontrado maneras de adaptarse, proteger y educar a sus ciudadanos m\u00e1s j\u00f3venes, a veces desde la clandestinidad.<\/p>

<\/div>

Aulas subterr\u00e1neas, sue\u00f1os sobre la tierra<\/h3>

En J\u00e1rkov, ciudad a solo 40 kil\u00f3metros de la frontera rusa, algunas de las innovaciones m\u00e1s notables en educaci\u00f3n en tiempos de guerra se est\u00e1n produciendo bajo la superficie. Literalmente.<\/p>

\u201cEste es nuestro segundo a\u00f1o escolar en el metro\u201d, dice. Olena Turchyn<\/strong>, una estudiante de 12 a\u00f1os que asiste a clases en una estaci\u00f3n de metro reconvertida. Su aula improvisada est\u00e1 llena de escritorios, pizarras y carteles coloridos, todo bajo tierra. \u00abNos sentimos m\u00e1s seguros aqu\u00ed, e incluso tenemos profesores de verdad\u00bb.<\/p>

El Proyecto de Escuelas del Metro de J\u00e1rkov, coordinado por autoridades locales y voluntarios, ofrece educaci\u00f3n formal a cientos de ni\u00f1os que no pueden asistir a escuelas en la superficie debido a los constantes bombardeos. El programa, apoyado por el Ministerio de Educaci\u00f3n y UNICEF, incluye un curr\u00edculo estructurado, apoyo psicosocial e incluso actividades deportivas adaptadas a espacios reducidos.<\/p>

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Arteterapia en medio de los bombardeos a\u00e9reos<\/h3>

Los ni\u00f1os no solo aprenden matem\u00e1ticas y gram\u00e1tica en la clandestinidad. Tambi\u00e9n pintan, cantan y procesan el trauma a trav\u00e9s del arte.<\/p>

En Dnipro y Zaporiyia, equipos m\u00f3viles de psic\u00f3logos han estado utilizando la arteterapia para ayudar a los ni\u00f1os a expresar lo que no pueden decir en voz alta. Un ni\u00f1o de diez a\u00f1os... Marco<\/strong>, que pas\u00f3 tres semanas atrapado en un s\u00f3tano durante un ataque a\u00e9reo en Avdiivka, ahora dibuja su \u201ccasa sin techo\u201d y \u201cun soldado que salv\u00f3 a mi madre\u201d.<\/p>

"No podemos borrar la guerra de sus recuerdos", dice. Larysa Holub<\/strong>, psic\u00f3loga especialista en trauma de Lviv. "Pero podemos darles herramientas para afrontarlo y comprenderlo".<\/p>

Estos esfuerzos tambi\u00e9n son digitales. Ucrania ha lanzado \u201cEscuela sin muros\u201d<\/strong>, una plataforma nacional de aprendizaje remoto que ahora cuenta con m\u00e1s de 300.000 estudiantes. Las clases se graban en aulas reales, se transmiten por televisi\u00f3n nacional y se distribuyen a trav\u00e9s de YouTube y Telegram. Incluso los ni\u00f1os en territorios ocupados acceden a ellas en secreto mediante VPN.<\/p>

<\/div>

Voces desde las sombras<\/h3>

En entrevistas recopiladas por Reuters, la BBC y periodistas independientes ucranianos, los ni\u00f1os comparten visiones de la guerra que ning\u00fan ni\u00f1o deber\u00eda conocer jam\u00e1s:<\/p>

  • "Ahora puedo distinguir por el sonido si es un dron o un misil", dice el chico de 13 a\u00f1os. Sof\u00eda<\/strong> de Nikolaev.<\/p><\/li>

  • "Hicimos un juego de correr al refugio. Siempre trato de ser el primero", dice el ni\u00f1o de 9 a\u00f1os. Danylo<\/strong> de Sumy.<\/p><\/li>

  • "Mi hermanita ya no habla. Solo se tapa los o\u00eddos cada vez que suena la sirena", dice. Irina<\/strong>, 15.<\/p><\/li><\/ul>

    Sus testimonios pintan un retrato desolador: de resiliencia, pero tambi\u00e9n de costo. Las cicatrices psicol\u00f3gicas pueden persistir mucho despu\u00e9s del fin de la guerra.<\/p>

    <\/div>

    El mundo no debe mirar hacia otro lado<\/h3>

    Los ni\u00f1os de Ucrania no son solo v\u00edctimas de esta guerra. Son sobrevivientes, estudiantes, poetas, hermanos, hermanas, so\u00f1adores. Tambi\u00e9n son la pr\u00f3xima generaci\u00f3n de ucranianos que reconstruir\u00e1n una naci\u00f3n herida.<\/p>

    El apoyo internacional es vital no solo para ganar la guerra, sino tambi\u00e9n para proteger a la generaci\u00f3n m\u00e1s joven de una vida de trauma. La educaci\u00f3n, el alojamiento y la atenci\u00f3n psicol\u00f3gica ya no son lujos: son recursos vitales.<\/p>

    Mientras caen las bombas, Ucrania contin\u00faa ense\u00f1ando a sus ni\u00f1os no s\u00f3lo a sobrevivir, sino a vivir.<\/p>

    <\/div>

    Si quieres ayudar:<\/strong> Considere apoyar iniciativas verificadas como Voces de Ni\u00f1os (voices.org.ua) o UNICEF Ucrania. O visite Ucrania para aprender, presenciar y compartir la verdad.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

    When the first explosions rang out across Ukrainian cities in February 2022, millions of children lost not only their homes but their […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":2022,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[1256,1270,1259,1277,1254,1275,1276,1267,1279,547,1260,1262,1268,1265,1263,1271,1258,1261,1273,1255,813,1278,1272,275,1257,1274,1264,1269,1266,326],"class_list":["post-2017","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-visitukraine","tag-bomb-shelters-ukraine","tag-child-psychology-war","tag-child-refugees-ukraine","tag-children-frontline-ukraine","tag-children-in-war","tag-civilian-life-war-ukraine","tag-coping-with-war-trauma","tag-education-during-war","tag-emotional-resilience-war","tag-humanitarian-crisis-ukraine","tag-kharkiv-metro-school","tag-kids-in-conflict-zones","tag-mental-health-ukraine","tag-russia-ukraine-war-impact","tag-school-without-walls-ukraine","tag-shelter-school-ukraine","tag-trauma-of-war","tag-ukraine-art-therapy","tag-ukraine-digital-learning","tag-ukraine-education-war","tag-ukraine-war-stories","tag-ukrainian-innovation-education","tag-ukrainian-kids-wartime","tag-ukrainian-resilience","tag-ukrainian-school-underground","tag-underground-schools","tag-unicef-ukraine-war","tag-war-and-childhood","tag-war-trauma-children","tag-war-in-ukraine"],"yoast_head":"\nWhat War Does to Children: Ukrainian Kids Growing Up in Bomb Shelters - 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