{"id":2017,"date":"2025-06-12T19:40:32","date_gmt":"2025-06-12T19:40:32","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/wartours.in.ua\/?p=2017"},"modified":"2025-06-12T19:44:26","modified_gmt":"2025-06-12T19:44:26","slug":"les-ravages-de-la-guerre-sur-les-enfants-des-enfants-ukrainiens-grandissent-dans-des-abris-anti-bombes","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/wartours.in.ua\/fr\/2025\/06\/12\/what-war-does-to-children-ukrainian-kids-growing-up-in-bomb-shelters\/","title":{"rendered":"Les effets de la guerre sur les enfants\u00a0: les enfants ukrainiens grandissent dans des abris antia\u00e9riens"},"content":{"rendered":"
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Lorsque les premi\u00e8res explosions ont retenti dans les villes ukrainiennes en f\u00e9vrier 2022, des millions d'enfants ont perdu non seulement leur foyer, mais aussi leur sentiment de s\u00e9curit\u00e9. Aujourd'hui, plus de trois ans apr\u00e8s l'invasion russe \u00e0 grande \u00e9chelle, les enfants ukrainiens grandissent non pas avec des aires de jeux et des dessins anim\u00e9s, mais avec les sir\u00e8nes d'alerte a\u00e9rienne, les abris en b\u00e9ton et le grondement lointain de l'artillerie.<\/p>

Selon l\u2019UNICEF, plus de 1,5 million d'enfants ukrainiens<\/strong> ont \u00e9t\u00e9 d\u00e9plac\u00e9s depuis le d\u00e9but de la guerre. Des milliers de personnes vivent d\u00e9sormais dans des r\u00e9gions en premi\u00e8re ligne, o\u00f9 les menaces quotidiennes de missiles rendent impossible l'acc\u00e8s \u00e0 l'\u00e9cole traditionnelle. Mais m\u00eame dans les circonstances les plus sombres, la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 ukrainienne a trouv\u00e9 des moyens de s'adapter, de prot\u00e9ger et d'\u00e9duquer ses plus jeunes citoyens, parfois dans la clandestinit\u00e9.<\/p>

<\/div>

Salles de classe souterraines, r\u00eaves en surface<\/h3>

\u00c0 Kharkiv, ville situ\u00e9e \u00e0 seulement 40 kilom\u00e8tres de la fronti\u00e8re russe, certaines des innovations les plus remarquables en mati\u00e8re d'\u00e9ducation en temps de guerre se produisent sous la surface. Litt\u00e9ralement.<\/p>

\u00ab C'est notre deuxi\u00e8me ann\u00e9e scolaire dans le m\u00e9tro \u00bb, dit-il Olena Turchyn<\/strong>, une \u00e9l\u00e8ve de 12 ans, suit ses cours dans une station de m\u00e9tro r\u00e9am\u00e9nag\u00e9e. Sa salle de classe improvis\u00e9e est bord\u00e9e de bureaux, de tableaux blancs et d'affiches color\u00e9es, le tout sous terre. \u00ab On se sent plus en s\u00e9curit\u00e9 ici, et on a m\u00eame de vrais professeurs. \u00bb<\/p>

Le projet d'\u00e9cole du m\u00e9tro de Kharkiv, coordonn\u00e9 par les autorit\u00e9s locales et des b\u00e9n\u00e9voles, offre une \u00e9ducation formelle \u00e0 des centaines d'enfants qui ne peuvent fr\u00e9quenter les \u00e9coles en surface en raison des bombardements persistants. Ce programme, soutenu par le minist\u00e8re de l'\u00c9ducation et l'UNICEF, comprend un programme scolaire structur\u00e9, un soutien psychosocial et m\u00eame des activit\u00e9s sportives adapt\u00e9es aux espaces restreints.<\/p>

<\/div>

L'art-th\u00e9rapie au milieu des raids a\u00e9riens<\/h3>

Les enfants n'apprennent pas seulement les math\u00e9matiques et la grammaire dans la clandestinit\u00e9. Ils peignent, chantent et traitent leurs traumatismes \u00e0 travers l'art.<\/p>

\u00c0 Dnipro et Zaporijia, des \u00e9quipes mobiles de psychologues ont recours \u00e0 l'art-th\u00e9rapie pour aider les enfants \u00e0 exprimer ce qu'ils ne peuvent pas dire \u00e0 voix haute. Marko<\/strong>, qui a pass\u00e9 trois semaines coinc\u00e9 dans un sous-sol lors d'une frappe a\u00e9rienne \u00e0 Avdiivka, dessine d\u00e9sormais sa \u00ab maison sans toit \u00bb et \u00ab un soldat qui a sauv\u00e9 ma m\u00e8re \u00bb.<\/p>

\u00ab Nous ne pouvons pas effacer la guerre de leur m\u00e9moire \u00bb, dit-il. Larysa Holub<\/strong>, psychologue sp\u00e9cialis\u00e9 dans les traumatismes \u00e0 Lviv. \u00ab Mais nous pouvons leur donner des outils pour y faire face, pour leur donner du sens. \u00bb<\/p>

Ces efforts sont \u00e9galement num\u00e9riques. L'Ukraine a lanc\u00e9 \u00ab \u00c9cole sans murs \u00bb<\/strong>, une plateforme nationale d'apprentissage \u00e0 distance qui compte d\u00e9sormais plus de 300\u00a0000 \u00e9l\u00e8ves. Les cours sont enregistr\u00e9s en classe, diffus\u00e9s \u00e0 la t\u00e9l\u00e9vision nationale et diffus\u00e9s sur YouTube et Telegram. M\u00eame les enfants des territoires occup\u00e9s y acc\u00e8dent secr\u00e8tement gr\u00e2ce \u00e0 des VPN.<\/p>

<\/div>

Voix de l'ombre<\/h3>

Dans des interviews recueillies par Reuters, la BBC et des journalistes ukrainiens ind\u00e9pendants, des enfants partagent des aper\u00e7us de la guerre qu'aucun enfant ne devrait jamais conna\u00eetre :<\/p>

  • \u00ab Je peux maintenant dire au son s'il s'agit d'un drone ou d'un missile \u00bb, explique le jeune homme de 13 ans. Sofia<\/strong> de Mykola\u00efv.<\/p><\/li>

  • \u00ab\u00a0Courir jusqu'au refuge \u00e9tait devenu un jeu. J'essaie toujours d'\u00eatre le premier\u00a0\u00bb, explique l'enfant de 9\u00a0ans. Danylo<\/strong> de Soumy.<\/p><\/li>

  • \u00ab Ma petite s\u0153ur ne parle plus. Elle se bouche simplement les oreilles chaque fois que la sir\u00e8ne retentit \u00bb, raconte-t-elle. Irina<\/strong>, 15.<\/p><\/li><\/ul>

    Leurs t\u00e9moignages dressent un portrait saisissant\u00a0: de r\u00e9silience, mais aussi de co\u00fbt. Les cicatrices psychologiques pourraient persister longtemps apr\u00e8s la fin de la guerre.<\/p>

    <\/div>

    Le monde ne doit pas d\u00e9tourner le regard<\/h3>

    Les enfants ukrainiens ne sont pas seulement des victimes de cette guerre. Ce sont des survivants, des \u00e9tudiants, des po\u00e8tes, des fr\u00e8res, des s\u0153urs, des r\u00eaveurs. Ils sont aussi la prochaine g\u00e9n\u00e9ration d'Ukrainiens qui reconstruiront une nation bless\u00e9e.<\/p>

    Le soutien international est vital non seulement pour gagner la guerre, mais aussi pour prot\u00e9ger la jeune g\u00e9n\u00e9ration d'un traumatisme permanent. L'\u00e9ducation, le logement et l'accompagnement psychologique ne sont plus des luxes, mais des bou\u00e9es de sauvetage.<\/p>

    Alors que les bombes tombent, l\u2019Ukraine continue d\u2019enseigner \u00e0 ses enfants non seulement comment survivre, mais aussi comment vivre.<\/p>

    <\/div>

    Si vous voulez aider :<\/strong> Pensez \u00e0 soutenir des initiatives v\u00e9rifi\u00e9es comme Voices of Children (voices.org.ua) ou UNICEF Ukraine. Ou visitez vous-m\u00eame l'Ukraine pour apprendre, t\u00e9moigner et partager la v\u00e9rit\u00e9.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

    When the first explosions rang out across Ukrainian cities in February 2022, millions of children lost not only their homes but their […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":2022,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[1256,1270,1259,1277,1254,1275,1276,1267,1279,547,1260,1262,1268,1265,1263,1271,1258,1261,1273,1255,813,1278,1272,275,1257,1274,1264,1269,1266,326],"class_list":["post-2017","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-visitukraine","tag-bomb-shelters-ukraine","tag-child-psychology-war","tag-child-refugees-ukraine","tag-children-frontline-ukraine","tag-children-in-war","tag-civilian-life-war-ukraine","tag-coping-with-war-trauma","tag-education-during-war","tag-emotional-resilience-war","tag-humanitarian-crisis-ukraine","tag-kharkiv-metro-school","tag-kids-in-conflict-zones","tag-mental-health-ukraine","tag-russia-ukraine-war-impact","tag-school-without-walls-ukraine","tag-shelter-school-ukraine","tag-trauma-of-war","tag-ukraine-art-therapy","tag-ukraine-digital-learning","tag-ukraine-education-war","tag-ukraine-war-stories","tag-ukrainian-innovation-education","tag-ukrainian-kids-wartime","tag-ukrainian-resilience","tag-ukrainian-school-underground","tag-underground-schools","tag-unicef-ukraine-war","tag-war-and-childhood","tag-war-trauma-children","tag-war-in-ukraine"],"yoast_head":"\nWhat War Does to Children: Ukrainian Kids Growing Up in Bomb Shelters - 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