{"id":2017,"date":"2025-06-12T19:40:32","date_gmt":"2025-06-12T19:40:32","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/wartours.in.ua\/?p=2017"},"modified":"2025-06-12T19:44:26","modified_gmt":"2025-06-12T19:44:26","slug":"cosa-fa-la-guerra-ai-bambini-i-bambini-ucraini-crescono-nei-rifugi-antiaerei","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/wartours.in.ua\/it\/2025\/06\/12\/what-war-does-to-children-ukrainian-kids-growing-up-in-bomb-shelters\/","title":{"rendered":"Cosa fa la guerra ai bambini: bambini ucraini che crescono nei rifugi antiaerei"},"content":{"rendered":"
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Quando le prime esplosioni hanno colpito le citt\u00e0 ucraine nel febbraio 2022, milioni di bambini hanno perso non solo le loro case, ma anche il loro senso di sicurezza. Oggi, a oltre tre anni dall'invasione russa su vasta scala, i bambini ucraini crescono non tra parchi giochi e cartoni animati, ma tra sirene antiaeree, rifugi di cemento e i lontani tonfi dell'artiglieria.<\/p>

Secondo l'UNICEF, pi\u00f9 di 1,5 milioni di bambini ucraini<\/strong> sono stati sfollati dall'inizio della guerra. Migliaia di loro vivono ora nelle regioni in prima linea, dove le minacce missilistiche quotidiane rendono impossibile l'istruzione tradizionale. Ma anche nelle circostanze pi\u00f9 difficili, la societ\u00e0 ucraina ha trovato il modo di adattarsi, proteggere ed educare i suoi cittadini pi\u00f9 giovani, a volte anche in clandestinit\u00e0.<\/p>

<\/div>

Aule sotterranee, sogni in superficie<\/h3>

A Kharkiv, una citt\u00e0 a soli 40 chilometri dal confine russo, alcune delle innovazioni pi\u00f9 straordinarie nell'istruzione in tempo di guerra stanno prendendo forma sotto la superficie. Letteralmente.<\/p>

"Questo \u00e8 il nostro secondo anno scolastico nella metropolitana", dice Olena Turchyn<\/strong>, una studentessa di 12 anni che frequenta le lezioni in una stazione della metropolitana riqualificata. La sua aula improvvisata \u00e8 piena di banchi, lavagne e poster colorati, il tutto sottoterra. "Ci sentiamo pi\u00f9 sicuri qui e abbiamo persino dei veri insegnanti."<\/p>

Il Kharkiv Metro School Project, coordinato dalle autorit\u00e0 locali e da volontari, offre istruzione formale a centinaia di bambini che non possono frequentare le scuole pubbliche a causa dei continui bombardamenti. Il programma, sostenuto dal Ministero dell'Istruzione e dall'UNICEF, include un curriculum strutturato, supporto psicosociale e persino attivit\u00e0 sportive, adattate agli spazi ridotti.<\/p>

<\/div>

L'arteterapia tra i bombardamenti<\/h3>

I bambini non imparano solo matematica e grammatica in clandestinit\u00e0. Dipingono, cantano ed elaborano traumi attraverso l'arte.<\/p>

A Dnipro e Zaporizhia, team mobili di psicologi hanno utilizzato l'arteterapia per aiutare i bambini a esprimere ci\u00f2 che non riescono a dire ad alta voce. Un bambino di dieci anni Marko<\/strong>, che ha trascorso tre settimane intrappolato in uno scantinato durante un attacco aereo ad Avdiivka, ora disegna la sua "casa senza tetto" e "un soldato che ha salvato mia madre".<\/p>

"Non possiamo cancellare la guerra dai loro ricordi", dice Larysa Holub<\/strong>, psicologa del trauma di Leopoli. "Ma possiamo dare loro gli strumenti per affrontarlo, per dargli un senso."<\/p>

Questi sforzi sono anche digitali. L'Ucraina ha lanciato \u201cScuola senza muri\u201d<\/strong>, una piattaforma nazionale di apprendimento a distanza che ora include oltre 300.000 studenti. Le lezioni vengono registrate da aule reali, trasmesse in televisione nazionale e distribuite tramite YouTube e Telegram. Persino i bambini nei territori occupati vi accedono segretamente tramite VPN.<\/p>

<\/div>

Voci dalle ombre<\/h3>

Nelle interviste raccolte da Reuters, dalla BBC e da giornalisti ucraini indipendenti, i bambini condividono scorci di guerra che nessun bambino dovrebbe mai conoscere:<\/p>

  • "Ora capisco dal rumore se si tratta di un drone o di un missile", dice il tredicenne Sofia<\/strong> da Mykolaiv.<\/p><\/li>

  • "Abbiamo fatto un gioco correndo verso il rifugio. Cerco sempre di essere il primo", dice il bambino di 9 anni. Danylo<\/strong> da Sumy.<\/p><\/li>

  • "La mia sorellina non parla pi\u00f9. Si tappa le orecchie ogni volta che suona la sirena", dice. Irina<\/strong>, 15.<\/p><\/li><\/ul>

    Le loro testimonianze dipingono un ritratto crudo: di resilienza, ma anche di costi. Le cicatrici psicologiche potrebbero persistere a lungo dopo la fine della guerra.<\/p>

    <\/div>

    Il mondo non deve distogliere lo sguardo<\/h3>

    I bambini ucraini non sono solo vittime di questa guerra. Sono sopravvissuti, studenti, poeti, fratelli, sorelle, sognatori. Sono anche la prossima generazione di ucraini che ricostruir\u00e0 una nazione ferita.<\/p>

    Il sostegno internazionale \u00e8 fondamentale non solo per vincere la guerra, ma anche per proteggere le generazioni pi\u00f9 giovani da una vita di traumi. Istruzione, alloggio e assistenza psicologica non sono pi\u00f9 un lusso: sono un'ancora di salvezza.<\/p>

    Mentre le bombe cadono, l'Ucraina continua a insegnare ai suoi figli non solo come sopravvivere, ma anche come vivere.<\/p>

    <\/div>

    Se vuoi aiutare:<\/strong> Considerate di sostenere iniziative verificate come Voices of Children (voices.org.ua) o UNICEF Ucraina. Oppure visitate l'Ucraina di persona per imparare, testimoniare e condividere la verit\u00e0.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

    When the first explosions rang out across Ukrainian cities in February 2022, millions of children lost not only their homes but their […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":2022,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[1256,1270,1259,1277,1254,1275,1276,1267,1279,547,1260,1262,1268,1265,1263,1271,1258,1261,1273,1255,813,1278,1272,275,1257,1274,1264,1269,1266,326],"class_list":["post-2017","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-visitukraine","tag-bomb-shelters-ukraine","tag-child-psychology-war","tag-child-refugees-ukraine","tag-children-frontline-ukraine","tag-children-in-war","tag-civilian-life-war-ukraine","tag-coping-with-war-trauma","tag-education-during-war","tag-emotional-resilience-war","tag-humanitarian-crisis-ukraine","tag-kharkiv-metro-school","tag-kids-in-conflict-zones","tag-mental-health-ukraine","tag-russia-ukraine-war-impact","tag-school-without-walls-ukraine","tag-shelter-school-ukraine","tag-trauma-of-war","tag-ukraine-art-therapy","tag-ukraine-digital-learning","tag-ukraine-education-war","tag-ukraine-war-stories","tag-ukrainian-innovation-education","tag-ukrainian-kids-wartime","tag-ukrainian-resilience","tag-ukrainian-school-underground","tag-underground-schools","tag-unicef-ukraine-war","tag-war-and-childhood","tag-war-trauma-children","tag-war-in-ukraine"],"yoast_head":"\nWhat War Does to Children: Ukrainian Kids Growing Up in Bomb Shelters - 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